Dynamo Dresden

Founded on 12 April 1953 at the Schauburg in Dresden as a club of the East German Dynamo sports association, which was run by the interior ministry. With eight Oberliga titles, seven FDGB Cups and 98 European ties it was among the most successful and best supported clubs in GDR football, and it produced Hans-Jurgen Dorner, Matthias Sammer and Ulf Kirsten. It played in the Bundesliga from 1991 to 1995 and then became the first German top-flight club to be refused a licence for lack of liquidity after mismanagement by its president Rolf-Jurgen Otto, falling as far as the fourth tier before recovering.