فاسكو دا غاما

Founded on 21 August 1898 in Rio de Janeiro by a group of rowers who named the club after the Portuguese navigator on the fourth centenary of his voyage to India. Its 1923 Carioca title was won by the Camisas Negras, a side largely of black and working-class players, and the club is remembered for the Resposta Historica, its letter refusing the Rio league's demand to dismiss twelve black players. Vasco has won four Brazilian championships and the 1998 Copa Libertadores, and plays at Sao Januario.